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Letters & the Defence of Women

Christine de Pizan

A young widow in plague-struck Paris picked up her dead husband's pen and became the first woman in Europe to make writing her living — and her cause.

People
Venetian-born French (Italian by birth, of Bologna/Pizzano descent)
Country
France
Region
Western Europe
Era
c.1364–1430
Theme
Letters & the Defence of Women
★★★★★Well documented
Values
  • ⚖️ Justice
  • 📚 Knowledge & Learning
  • 🛠️ Creativity & Building
  • 🔭 Vision & Foresight
  • 🎗️ Dignity
School subjects
  • ✍️ Languages & Literature
  • 📜 History
  • ❤️ Values & Ethics

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Tradition & Origin

A young widow in plague-struck Paris picked up her dead husband's pen and became the first woman in Europe to make writing her living — and her cause.

Lifespan13641430
2000 BCE1000 BCE010002000
Christine de Pizan
She built a city out of words

In 1405 her answer to those who slandered women was not anger but architecture: an allegorical walled city, raised stone by stone from the true stories of great women.

DetailsEN
One poem, written while Joan still lived
1 scroll = 1 contemporary French poem

Of all the writing about Joan of Arc, only Christine's 1429 'Ditié' was composed during Joan's own lifetime — a single contemporary French voice.

DetailsEN
~41
known works in ~30 years
Poetry and prose — the output of Europe's first professional woman writer.
DetailsEN
1405
The Book of the City of Ladies
An allegorical city built by Reason, Rectitude and Justice from ~165 women's lives.
DetailsEN
61
stanzas of her Joan of Arc poem (1429)
The only French poem about Joan written during Joan's own lifetime; Christine's last work.
DetailsEN

Christine was born in Venice around 1364 and brought to Paris as a small child when her father Tommaso da Pizzano was made astrologer and physician to King Charles V. She grew up inside one of the great book-courts of Europe, married a royal secretary at fifteen, and by her own account was content. Then in 1389 plague killed her husband, leaving her at about twenty-five to support her mother and three children, while she fought to recover money owed to him.

Rather than remarry or beg, she wrote. Beginning with love ballads around 1393 that won her wealthy patrons, she went on to produce roughly forty-one works of poetry and prose over three decades — the first professional woman of letters in Europe.

She also fought with her pen. In the famous 'Querelle du Roman de la Rose' she challenged the way the hugely popular Romance of the Rose, and the sour Lamentations of Matheolus, slandered women. Her answer came in 1405 as The Book of the City of Ladies, where three crowned virtues — Reason, Rectitude and Justice — build an allegorical city from the true stories of about 165 notable women, proving by example what insult denied.

Christine did not merely write; she had her books copied and richly illuminated by the best Paris workshops, presenting a luxury collection to Queen Isabeau (now the British Library's Harley MS 4431). Her final work, in 1429, was a joyful poem celebrating Joan of Arc — the only French poem about Joan written while she still lived. She died around 1430, probably at the convent of Poissy.

Timeline

  1. c.1364born in Venice as Cristina da Pizzano
  2. c.1368moves to Paris; her father becomes astrologer to Charles V
  3. 1379/80marries the royal secretary Étienne du Castel
  4. 1389widowed by plague; turns to writing to support her family
  5. 1405writes The Book of the City of Ladies and the Treasure of the City of Ladies
  6. 1429writes her last work, a poem in praise of Joan of Arc
  7. c.1430dies, probably at the Dominican convent of Poissy

Did you know?

  • She is recognised as 'the first professional woman of letters in Europe', writing to support her mother and three children after she was widowed.DetailsEN
  • In The Book of the City of Ladies she argued that girls would learn 'as perfectly' as boys if only they were sent to school — written around the year 1405.DetailsEN
  • She oversaw the copying and gilding of her own manuscripts and presented a lavish collection of her works to Queen Isabeau in 1414 — now Harley MS 4431, 'The Book of the Queen'.DetailsEN

When someone says you cannot do a thing, you can answer with proof — and sometimes the strongest answer is something you build.

Values & Capabilities
Values this doll embodies
  • ⚖️ Justice
  • 📚 Knowledge & Learning
  • 🛠️ Creativity & Building
  • 🔭 Vision & Foresight
  • 🎗️ Dignity
Capability profile
KnowledgeJusticeDignityCreativityVision

Capabilities

◆◆◆◆◆ shows how central a gift is — five diamonds mark a signature strength, fewer mark a supporting one.

Europe's First Pen for Hire◆◆◆◆◆
📚 Knowledge & Learning
Signature · Knowledge

Widowed young with three children and a mother to support, she became the first woman in Europe to earn her living entirely by her pen — about 41 works of poetry and prose in some thirty years.

first professional woman of letters in Europe; ~41 known works [1][5]
Today & 2050A woman's mind can pay the rent and feed a family — work and dignity are not a man's monopoly.
In the classroomLanguage / History: the birth of the professional author; medieval book culture.
Builder of the City of Ladies◆◆◆◆◆
⚖️ Justice
Justice

In 1405 she built an allegorical city in words, where three crowned virtues — Reason, Rectitude and Justice — raise walls from the true stories of great women across history.

Le Livre de la cité des dames, 1405; ~165 women housed in the city [2]
Today & 2050Counter a lie not with anger but with evidence — gather the proof and build something that lasts.
In the classroomLanguage / Civics: allegory; how argument and example answer prejudice.
Voice in the Querelle◆◆◆◆
🎗️ Dignity
Dignity

She entered the famous debate over the popular Romance of the Rose, refusing to let learned men slander women unanswered — one of recorded Europe's earliest public defences of her sex.

Querelle du Roman de la Rose; reply to Jean de Meun & Matheolus [2][5]
Today & 2050When the crowd repeats an insult, speak back with reason — silence is not consent.
In the classroomMedia literacy / Ethics: who controls the story; answering popular prejudice.
Mistress of Her Own Book◆◆◆◆
🛠️ Creativity & Building
Creativity

She did not just write; she oversaw the copying and illumination of her manuscripts, hiring fine Paris workshops and women collaborators — and is shown in them seated at her writing desk.

supervised illumination; The Book of the Queen, Harley MS 4431, presented 1414 [5]
Today & 2050Own your work end to end — the idea, the making and how it reaches the world.
In the classroomArt / Tech: the medieval book as a workshop product; author as producer.
The Last Song of Joan◆◆◆◆
🔭 Vision & Foresight
Vision

Aged and in retreat at a convent, she broke years of silence in 1429 to praise Joan of Arc — the only French poem about Joan written while Joan still lived.

Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc, 31 July 1429; 61 stanzas, her last work [4]
Today & 2050A young woman could do what 'ten thousand men could not' — see worth where the world does not expect it.
In the classroomHistory / Language: contemporary sources; one woman writing of another.
Development

1 of 3 stages unlocked

Child — Cristina of the King's Court
1
Child — Cristina of the King's Court

A bright Venetian-born girl growing up in the bookish court of Charles V in Paris, where her astrologer father lets her learn.

Widow — The Pen Becomes a Trade
2
Widow — The Pen Becomes a Trade

Answer all three to unlock this stage.

Where is Christine de Pizan from?
When did Christine de Pizan live?
Which people does Christine de Pizan belong to?
Author — Builder of the City of Ladies
3
Author — Builder of the City of Ladies

Unlock the previous stage first.

Crafting the doll

Garment: a long dark-blue houppelande gown in cotton or fine wool with fitted sleeves, and a white horned headdress (hennin) with a wimple framing the face, in the respectable early-15th-century Parisian widow's style; an optional crimson-and-gold court gown. Signature attribute: a tiny goose-feather quill, a felt inkhorn and a little 'illuminated' book with gold-thread trim. Education card: explains that she was Europe's first professional woman writer and wrote a whole book to defend women's worth. Sizes Classic 32 / Kidogo 18–20 / Shule 28. Part of proceeds → girls' literacy and writing programmes and medieval-manuscript heritage (the Book of the Queen / Harley MS 4431).

How this doll is made

Make this doll as a learned late-medieval Parisian widow: sober, fine fabrics, the horned headdress of her time, and the tools of a writer — dignified, never a costume.

What it's made of
8
  • Garments 2
  • Accessories 3
  • Materials 2
  • Techniques 1
Signature colours

Garments

  • Dark-blue houppelande gownA long, full early-15th-century gown with fitted sleeves in deep blue cotton or fine wool — the respectable dress of a working woman author, as she is shown in her own manuscripts.DetailsEN
  • White horned headdress & wimpleA two-horned hennin with a white wimple framing the face — the recognisable widow's headdress in the famous study-portrait miniatures of Harley MS 4431.DetailsEN

Accessories

  • Goose-feather quill & inkhornA small white quill pen with a felt or horn inkpot, fixed to the hand or resting on a desk — the signature tool of the first professional woman writer.DetailsEN
  • Illuminated book propA tiny stitched book with gold-thread trim and a painted 'miniature' on the cover, recalling the lavishly illuminated Book of the Queen she had made by hand.DetailsEN
  • Writing desk & lecternA small wooden writing desk or sloped lectern with a half-written parchment leaf and a little curled-up dog at her feet, recreating her famous study scene.DetailsEN

Materials

  • Sober scholar's paletteDeep blue, white and a single muted crimson-and-gold accent for the court gown — the dignified, unflashy colours of a learned widow, no bright modern shades.DetailsEN
  • Gold-thread 'illumination'Fine gold thread or gilt trim on the book and gown border, a safe stand-in for the real gold-leaf illumination of her manuscripts — used sparingly.DetailsEN

Techniques

  • Hand-stitched, study-scene setKeep seams plain and sturdy and build her as a small tableau at her desk; a miniature walled-city prop with three tiny crowned figures can teach the Book of the City of Ladies.DetailsEN
Christine
her name, 'follower of Christ' (girl)
Cristina
the Italian form of her birth-name (girl)
Tommaso
her father, the king's astrologer (boy)
Étienne
her husband, a royal secretary (boy)
Jean
her son, for whom she wrote advice (boy)
Marie
her daughter, a nun at Poissy (girl)
Isabeau
the queen who received her Book of the Queen (girl)
Raison
poetic, after Lady Reason who builds the city (girl)
Origin & Ethics

How we know this

On honesty: very well documented (her own dated, signed and illuminated manuscripts survive, several supervised by Christine herself; modern scholarly editions and translations exist). Homage, not likeness; her birth and death years are given as 'c.1364' and 'c.1430' because the exact dates are not recorded, and the doll's face and dress are a respectful late-medieval reconstruction, not a portrait from life.

Committee: the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica / BnF) and the British Library (Harley MS 4431 'Book of the Queen'); medievalists and historians of women's writing; French literary-heritage bodies. 5-step protocol; the doll stylises a real person — homage, not likeness.

Sources

  1. World History Encyclopedia — Christine de Pizan
  2. Wikipedia — The Book of the City of Ladies
  3. Wikipedia — The Tale of Joan of Arc
  4. Wikipedia — Christine de Pizan
  5. The National Archives (UK) — Source 6d: The Book of the City of Ladies